Havadan hafif ara\u00e7 \u00fcretimi ile u\u011fra\u015fmakta olan insan akl\u0131, Montgolfier karde\u015flerin s\u0131cak hava balonu ile hedeflerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, nihayet 6 Haziran 1783\u2032te Joseph ve Etienne Montgolfier Karde\u015fler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu halk \u00f6n\u00fcnde denemeye cesaret etmi\u015flerdi. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Annonay \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lan u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in 800m\u00b3 \u2018l\u00fck bir balon haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu balon 1500m. y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt y\u00fczeyindeki k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlanma balonu tutu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, 10 dk. sonra balon yanarak bir ba\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n\u0130ki bu\u00e7uk ay sonra, 27 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Paris\u2019te fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc Jaques Charles ile fizik aletleri m\u00fchendisi Robert karde\u015flerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Hidrojen balonu, u\u00e7u\u015funda \u00e7ok y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Fakat gaz\u0131n genle\u015fmesi sonucu, balon y\u0131rt\u0131larak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda yine bir Montgolfier balonu haz\u0131rlanarak beraberindeki kafese bir koyun, bir horoz ve bir \u00f6rdek yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu balon 14m. \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve 2000m\u00b3 hacminde idi. Kral\u0131n armalar\u0131 ile donat\u0131lan bu balon olduk\u00e7a y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen tatl\u0131 bir s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fle sorunsuz yere inmi\u015fti. Hayvanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131nda bir sorun olmamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, y\u00fcksek irtifadaki havan\u0131n da solunabilir oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ekim-Kas\u0131m 1783\u2032te Pilatre de Rozier cesaret denemeleri yaparak her defas\u0131nda u\u00e7tu\u011fu irtifay\u0131 ve mesafeyi geli\u015ftirmi\u015f, nihayet 21 Kas\u0131m 1783\u2032te, Sen nehrini a\u015farak 1000m. y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, Paris \u00fczerinde dola\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, hareket noktas\u0131ndan 16km. uza\u011fa yava\u015f\u00e7a inmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ilk hava seyahatiydi ve 23 dk. s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc .<\/p>\n
Pilatre\u2019nin u\u00e7u\u015fundan 10 g\u00fcn sonra halk\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran Fizik Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Charles, saray\u0131n bah\u00e7esinden 200.000 Parislinin hayran bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda havalan\u0131r. Balon 600m. irtifada \u00f6nce 8-9 fersah (36 km.) sonra iki fersah (8 km.)\u2019lik iki seyr\u00fcsefer baca\u011f\u0131nda u\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. Fizik\u00e7i Charles\u2019\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 balonun donan\u0131m\u0131na bug\u00fcn bile \u00e7ok az \u015fey eklenmi\u015ftir .
\n2 Mart 1783\u2032te Paris\u2019te ve 25-26 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Nantes\u2019ta, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kabil-i sevk (g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc) balon u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere\u2019de ilk balon u\u00e7u\u015fu, bir Prusyal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1783 sonunda Windsor\u2019da, \u0130talya\u2019da ise 25 \u015eubat 1784\u2032te Milano yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130spanya\u2019da 4 Haziran 1784\u2032te Aranjuez kentinde, Avusturya\u2019da 7 Temmuz 1784\u2032te Viyana\u2019da, 19 Ocak 1784\u2032te G\u00fcney Yar\u0131mk\u00fcrede Madagaskar \u00fczerinde ilk balon u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. XXI . Louis, \u00c7in \u0130mparatoruna 12 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck balon hediye etmi\u015ftir.
\nAlmanya\u2019da ilk balon u\u00e7u\u015fu, 3 Ekim 1785\u2032te Frankfurt\u2019ta bulunan Blanchord taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 Blanchord, 12 Haziran 1785\u2032te Hollanda\u2019da, 20 Kas\u0131m 1785\u2032te Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da, 3 May\u0131s 1789\u2032da \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de, 30 May\u0131s 1789\u2032da Polonya\u2019da, 31 Ekim 1789\u2032da \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019da ve 9 Ocak 1793\u2032te Amerika\u2019da u\u00e7u\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir .<\/p>\n
Blanchord\u2019un Polonya\u2019daki u\u00e7u\u015funa T\u00fcrk El\u00e7isi \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa balonla u\u00e7an ilk T\u00fcrk oluyordu.<\/p>\n
Bu arada Avrupa\u2019da bu geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken, iki ya\u015f\u0131ndaki balonculu\u011fun hen\u00fcz bebeklik evresinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da bu y\u00f6nde meydana gelen geli\u015fme, o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in Do\u011fu bilginlerinin Bat\u0131l\u0131 meslekta\u015flar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 de geri olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilgin\u00e7tir: 1785 tarihli \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cGentlemen Magazine\u201d \u015f\u00f6yle diyor; \u201cKimseden m\u00e2l\u00ee yard\u0131m almadan, bir \u0130ranl\u0131 fizik\u00e7i bir balon yapt\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019da padi\u015fah\u0131n huzurunda; zengin ve zarif elbiseli sultan efendilerinin de \u015fahit oldu\u011fu bir g\u00fcnde, g\u00f6steri \u015ferefine m\u00fckemmel bir surette donat\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck avludan, iki de saray asilz\u00e2desinin i\u015ftirakiyle u\u00e7ulacakt\u0131. Havalanmadan \u00f6nce padi\u015faha yakla\u015ft\u0131lar. I. Abd\u00fclhamid her birine nefis birer k\u00fcrk giydirdi. Bundan sonra derhal sepetlerine girip y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Halk\u0131n hayret nazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda hareket ettiler. Fakat 30 fersah ilerideki ahali ini\u015fe \u015fahit olduklar\u0131 zaman deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler\u2026 Padi\u015fah balonun, Ayasofya Camiinde as\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bu hay\u0131rl\u0131 hadisenin h\u00e2t\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n ebedile\u015ftirilmesini ferman etti\u201d . I. Abd\u00fclhamid (d\u00f6nemi 1774-1789), balonculu\u011fa izin verirken, Rusya\u2019da \u00c7ari\u00e7e II. Katherina, memleketi dahilinde b\u00f6yle bir tecr\u00fcbenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 men ediyordu . Bu olaylar, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde ve d\u00fcnyada, o d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin, halk\u0131n ve idarenin bilim-teknik bulu\u015flara bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131na dair, ip u\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir.
\n1825 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2018Selim Ogat\u2019 isimli bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn, kendine ait, montgolfier tipi bir balonla \u0130zmir\u2019de y\u00fckselmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131, Dolffus\u2019un \u201cHavac\u0131l\u0131k Tarihi\u201dnde kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r .<\/p>\n
\u0130talyan baloncu Comachi, 8 Temmuz 1844\u2032de \u0130stanbul\u2019dan kalkarak deniz \u00fczerinden g\u00fczel bir u\u00e7u\u015f yapar. Ertesi y\u0131l Sultan Mecid d\u00f6neminde, Sultan II. Mahmud Han\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Adile Sultan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, 6 Haziran\u2019da Haydarpa\u015fa\u2019dan havalan\u0131r, fakat d\u00f6nemin gazetesi Ceride-i Havadis\u2019e g\u00f6re, alkol\u00fc fazla ka\u00e7\u0131ran baloncu, sarho\u015flu\u011fun etkisi ile s\u0131zar ve fazla irtifa alarak Karadeniz\u2019de kaybolur.
\nAmerika\u2019da balonculuk, biraz ge\u00e7 de olsa, h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fir. 1835\u2032te Philadelphia\u2019da balonculu\u011fa ba\u015flayan John Wise, 1 Temmuz 1859\u2032da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir balonla orta\u011f\u0131 Gager, gazeteci Hyde ve Lamountain isimli 3 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ile Saint Louis\u2019ten seyahate \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu seyahatte 20 saat 40 dk.da 1292 km. yol al\u0131r. \u201cAmerikan Express\u201din posta \u00e7antas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bu yolculuk, Amerika ve D\u00fcnya\u2019da ilk resm\u00ee hava postas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Glaisher isimli \u00fcnl\u00fc bir astronom, 5 Eyl\u00fcl 1862\u2032de, 8838 m.ye \u00e7\u0131karak 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir rekor k\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bu u\u00e7u\u015fta astronom hipoksi (oksijen yetmezli\u011fi) nedeniyle bay\u0131lma tehlikesi ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, ellerini hareket ettiremedi\u011finden supab\u0131 di\u015fleriyle a\u00e7arak balonu yere indirebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Havadan hafif ara\u00e7 \u00fcretimi ile u\u011fra\u015fmakta olan insan akl\u0131, Montgolfier karde\u015flerin s\u0131cak hava balonu ile hedeflerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, nihayet 6 Haziran 1783\u2032te Joseph ve Etienne Montgolfier Karde\u015fler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu halk \u00f6n\u00fcnde denemeye cesaret etmi\u015flerdi. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Annonay \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lan u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in 800m\u00b3 \u2018l\u00fck bir balon haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu balon 1500m. y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt y\u00fczeyindeki k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlanma balonu tutu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, 10<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=815"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":817,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/815\/revisions\/817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}