{"id":1598,"date":"2017-04-08T15:54:32","date_gmt":"2017-04-08T15:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/?p=1598"},"modified":"2017-04-18T16:39:00","modified_gmt":"2017-04-18T16:39:00","slug":"havacilikta-etkili-iletisim-becerilerinin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/2017\/04\/08\/havacilikta-etkili-iletisim-becerilerinin-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Havac\u0131l\u0131kta Etkili \u0130leti\u015fim Becerilerinin \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yeri olan \u201c<strong>\u0130LET\u0130\u015e\u0130M<\/strong>\u201d konu havac\u0131l\u0131k olunca ayn\u0131 zamanda hayati bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. Zay\u0131f ileti\u015fim becerilerinin havac\u0131l\u0131ktaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cu\u00e7u\u015f emniyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek risk\u201dtir. (1)<\/p>\n<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131k tarihine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015fla ileti\u015fim eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan facialara h\u0131zl\u0131ca bir g\u00f6z atmak isterseniz internet arama motorlar\u0131na \u201cair disasters caused by miscommunication\u201d yaz\u0131n\u0131z. (2)<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanan u\u00e7ak kazalar\u0131n\u0131n birinci sebebi ileti\u015fim hatalar\u0131d\u0131r;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Tenerife Airport Disaster (1977) 583 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n2. Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) 349 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n3. Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 (1997) 234 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n4. American Airlines Flight 965 (1995) 159 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n5. PSA Flight 182 (1978) 135 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n6. Dan Air Flight 1008 (1980) 146 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n7. Linate Airport Disaster (2001) 118 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n8. Singapore Airlines Flight 006 (2000) 83 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n9. Air Florida Flight 90 (1982) 78 can kayb\u0131<br \/>\n10. Avianca Flight 52 (1990) 65 can kayb\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leti\u015fim<\/strong>, bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi s\u00fcrecidir. Bilgiler, kelimelerle, ses tonu ve beden dili olarak aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin iletilen bilgilerin y\u00fczde 7&#8217;sini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Sesli ileti\u015fimde mesaj\u0131n %55\u2019i beden dili ile ise %38\u2019i ise sesle aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her bir u\u00e7u\u015f ekibi \u00fcyesi etkili bir ileti\u015fimci olmak i\u00e7in, bu formlar\u0131n, bunlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l kullanacaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve ileti\u015fim s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm engellerin fark\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etkili ileti\u015fim becerilerine sahip ekiplerde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki eylemler g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130leti\u015fimleri onayl\u0131yorlar (Roger).<br \/>\nSOP&#8217;lara uygun bilgi sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar. (Glide Slope alive)<br \/>\nSoruldu\u011funda bilgi veriyorlar. (cross-checked)<br \/>\n\u0130leti\u015fimin do\u011fru \u015fekilde al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekirse tekrarl\u0131yorlar. (FL340)<br \/>\nBilgiyi iletirken standart terminoloji kullan\u0131yorlar. (havac\u0131l\u0131k frezyolojisi)<br \/>\n\u0130htiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funda a\u00e7\u0131klama talep ediyorlar ve yap\u0131yorlar. (I am not sure, ask again)<br \/>\nDo\u011frudan ve belirgin ifadeler kullan\u0131yorlar. (Go-Around I say again Go-Around)<br \/>\nG\u00f6revler veya planlar de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde uygun ki\u015filere bilgi veriyorlar. (call ATC-Cabin-Pax-OCC)<br \/>\nEkip d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filere de ihtiya\u00e7 duyacaklar\u0131 t\u00fcm bilgileri iletiyorlar.<br \/>\nS\u00f6zs\u00fcz ileti\u015fim uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131yorlar.<br \/>\nBilgileri iletirken uygun s\u0131ray\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u201c<strong>Shannon \u0130leti\u015fim Modeli<\/strong>\u201d s\u00fcrecin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l etkilenece\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in bir ileti\u015fim modeli sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication-4-638.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1599\" src=\"http:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication-4-638-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication-4-638\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication-4-638-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication-4-638.jpg 638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>\u0130leti\u015fim Bariyerleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130leti\u015fim bariyerleri, kesintisiz ileti\u015fim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc engelleyen veya bozan fakt\u00f6rlerdir. \u201c\u0130leti\u015fim Bariyerleri\u201d bilgileri engeller, bozar veya de\u011fi\u015ftirirler. Engelleri belirleyerek ve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri uygulayarak, ekip \u00fcyeleri etkili bir \u015fekilde ileti\u015fim kurabilir. <strong>\u0130leti\u015fim<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Bariyerleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc ileti\u015fim ortam\u0131<br \/>\n\u00c7oklu ileti\u015fim<br \/>\nG\u00fcvensiz davran\u0131\u015f<br \/>\nG\u00f6rev &#8211; me\u015fguliyet; yo\u011funluk ve fazla i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc<br \/>\n\u00d6fke ya da hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<br \/>\nKi\u015fisel \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar<br \/>\nEkip \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi<br \/>\nG\u00fcven eksikli\u011fi<br \/>\nUygunsuz \u00f6ncelikler<br \/>\nOrganizasyon yap\u0131s\u0131<br \/>\nDikkat da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar<br \/>\nT\u00fcnel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f<br \/>\n\u0130leti\u015fimde Kesintiler<br \/>\nK\u0131dem farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<br \/>\nYorgunluk veya bitkinlik<br \/>\nEksik mesaj<br \/>\nA\u00e7\u0131k olmayan ifadeler<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leti\u015fim<\/strong>, <strong>g\u00f6nderenle<\/strong> ba\u015flayan iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir i\u015flemdir. G\u00f6nderen g\u00f6revin ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan bilgileri vermelidir. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mesaj\u0131 anlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderen proaktif olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla s\u00f6ylenen \u015fey her zaman duyulan \u015fey de\u011fildir. <strong>Bunun olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri yap\u0131n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Her seferinde bir \u015feyi ifade edin.<br \/>\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenizi en basit \u015fekilde ifade edin.<br \/>\nUygun oldu\u011funda a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131n.<br \/>\nUygunsa tekrarlay\u0131n.<br \/>\nGeri bildirimi te\u015fvik edin.<br \/>\nSat\u0131r aralar\u0131n\u0131 okuyun. Se\u00e7ti\u011finiz s\u00f6zc\u00fckler, ses tonunuz ve beden diliniz ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 ifade etti mi?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mesaj<\/strong>, basit\u00e7e g\u00f6nderenin al\u0131c\u0131yla aktarmak istedi\u011fi bilgidir. Mesaj genellikle s\u00f6zl\u00fcd\u00fcr, ancak olmayabilir de.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in, mesaj g\u00f6nderen \u015funlar\u0131 yapmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do\u011fru terminolojiyi kullan\u0131n (standart komutlar; \u201cset heading 160 degrees\u201d veya \u201ccheck glide slope\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131k konu\u015fmak.<\/li>\n<li>Al\u0131c\u0131 dinleyebildi\u011finde mesaj\u0131n g\u00f6nderin.<\/li>\n<li>Uygun ses tonu ve ses seviyesini kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Komutlar duyulmal\u0131 ve bir soru veya yorum olarak de\u011fil bir zorunluluk olarak alg\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Hata zincirlerini k\u0131rarken veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 durumsal fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131rken aciliyet ve \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir ifade tak\u0131n\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Dikkat da\u011f\u0131tmak yerine al\u0131c\u0131yla ilgili\u00a0olun.<\/li>\n<li>Mesaj\u0131n kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve bilgilendirici olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>Kapsay\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderenin durumunu anlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken her \u015feyi i\u00e7ermesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n<li>Bilgilendirici, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilmeye ihtiyac\u0131 olan bir \u015fey oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesi i\u00e7in her zaman do\u011fru bilgiye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ekibin etkinli\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00fcyelerinin dinleme yetene\u011fine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>Ne yaz\u0131k ki, \u00e7o\u011fu insan dinlemeyi pek bilmez.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Al\u0131c\u0131<\/strong>, ileti\u015fim s\u00fcrecini kontrol etmelidir. Al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc elinde tutmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6ndericilerin al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ne istedi\u011fini ve neden istediklerini anlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Aktif Dinleme, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ileti\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir i\u015flemdir. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ileti\u015fim s\u00fcrecinde aktif olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. <strong>Aktif olarak dinlemek i\u00e7in ise iyi bir al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri yapmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mesaja bir an \u00f6nce \u00f6ncelik verilerek dikkat edin. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse g\u00f6nderene bak\u0131n.<br \/>\nDinleyin ve dolayl\u0131 mesaj i\u00e7eri\u011fini aray\u0131n (s\u00f6zs\u00fcz) ve s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri i\u015fitin.<br \/>\nS\u00f6zl\u00fc olmayan ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek, g\u00f6nderenin ne istedi\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u0130letinin alg\u0131lan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve g\u00f6ndericinin niyeti farkl\u0131 olabilir.<br \/>\nS\u00f6zc\u00fck se\u00e7imi, ses tonu, v\u00fccut konumu, jestler ve g\u00f6z hareketleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc kelimenin arkas\u0131ndaki duygular\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r.<br \/>\nA\u00e7\u0131k fikirli olun ve \u00f6n yarg\u0131y\u0131 ask\u0131ya al\u0131n.<br \/>\nNeyin duyuldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n-tekrarlay\u0131n.<br \/>\nAlg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z mesaj\u0131n g\u00f6nderenin niyeti ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsaymay\u0131n. G\u00f6nderene geri bildirim sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mesaj\u0131n geri bildirimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Etkili al\u0131c\u0131lar, iletiyi g\u00f6nderenden do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Geri bildirim verirken kelimeleri, tonlar\u0131 ve beden dillerini dikkate al\u0131rlar. Geri bildirim \u015fekilleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Acknowledgment &#8211; Al\u0131nd\u0131-Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Parroting &#8211; Aynen tekrar etme<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Paraphrasing &#8211; A\u00e7\u0131klamak<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acknowledgment &#8211; Al\u0131nd\u0131-Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle bir mesaja &#8220;ROGER&#8221; demek ortak bir nezakettir. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mesaj\u0131 dinledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Ancak kritik bilgilerin veya karma\u015f\u0131k ifadelerin tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in yetersizdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Parroting &#8211; Aynen tekrar etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Parroting, konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n kelimelerini tam olarak kelime kelime tekrarlamakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece en az\u0131ndan iletilen s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin al\u0131nan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler oldu\u011fu hoparl\u00f6rden onaylanm\u0131\u015f olur. Standart komutlarla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulanmas\u0131 tercih edilmelidir. \u201cAcknowledgment\u201d ifadesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, mesaj\u0131n tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 garanti de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paraphrasing &#8211; A\u00e7\u0131klamak:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Paraphrasing, mesaj\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6nderenin de tatmin olaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kendi kelimelerinizle yeniden ifade edilmesidir. Hem sizin i\u00e7in hem de g\u00f6nderen i\u00e7in mesaj\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturur. \u201cParaphrasing\u201d mesaj\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00f6ndereni, do\u011fru olarak dinledi\u011finizi g\u00f6sterir (di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, mesaj\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve niyeti do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131). Bu \u015fekilde mesaj\u0131 do\u011fru \u015fekilde anlamam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z, g\u00f6nderen de ileti\u015fim hatas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131kta ileti\u015fimin \u00f6nemi, u\u00e7u\u015f emniyetini etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir;<br \/>\nBu nedenle, ileti\u015fimin iyile\u015ftirilmesi d\u00fczeyinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunacak telafi edici \u00f6nlemlerin uygulanmas\u0131 esast\u0131r.<br \/>\nKazalara neden olabilecek ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n engelleyecek g\u00fcvenlik a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 proaktif olarak olu\u015fturmak her havac\u0131l\u0131k organizasyonunun sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u00d6nerilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin ba\u015far\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131, mevcut ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n asgariye indirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunabilir.<br \/>\nAncak, insan fakt\u00f6r\u00fc hala var olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dipnotlar:<\/strong><br \/>\n(1) https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/270543463_POOR_COMMUNICATION_SKILLS_MEANS_HIGH_RISK_FOR_AVIATION_SAFETY<\/p>\n<p>(2) https:\/\/alizul2.blogspot.com.tr\/2012\/10\/10-deadliest-air-disasters-caused-by.html<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130lgili kaynaklar, makaller ve siteler:<\/strong><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.asasi.org\/papers\/2007\/Communication_in_Aviation_Safety_Paul_Krivonos.pdf<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.airlinesafety.com\/editorials\/BarriersToCommunication.htm<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/aviationenglishclasses.com\/accidents_due_to_the_lack_of_and_misunderstanding_aviation_english.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yeri olan \u201c\u0130LET\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u201d konu havac\u0131l\u0131k olunca ayn\u0131 zamanda hayati bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. Zay\u0131f ileti\u015fim becerilerinin havac\u0131l\u0131ktaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cu\u00e7u\u015f emniyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek risk\u201dtir. (1) Havac\u0131l\u0131k tarihine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015fla ileti\u015fim eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan facialara h\u0131zl\u0131ca bir g\u00f6z atmak isterseniz internet arama motorlar\u0131na \u201cair disasters caused by miscommunication\u201d yaz\u0131n\u0131z. (2) A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanan u\u00e7ak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1600,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,2,108,68,104,80,5,77,69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-guvenlik","category-insan-performansi","category-merak-edilenler","category-pilotaj","category-saglik","category-teknoloji","category-temel-bilgiler","category-ucus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1598"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1601,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1598\/revisions\/1601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}