{"id":1562,"date":"2017-03-21T22:23:40","date_gmt":"2017-03-21T22:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/?p=1562"},"modified":"2017-03-21T22:41:09","modified_gmt":"2017-03-21T22:41:09","slug":"gorerek-yaklasma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/2017\/03\/21\/gorerek-yaklasma\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6rerek Yakla\u015fma"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6rerek Yakla\u015fma Nas\u0131l U\u00e7ulur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hafif u\u00e7aklarda \u00f6\u011frenci pilotlara normalde \u00f6\u011fretilen ilk yakla\u015fma t\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cg\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma\u201d (visual approach) olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir aletli yakla\u015fman\u0131n devam\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir u\u00e7akla yap\u0131lacak ise \u201cg\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma\u201d tehlikeli olabilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma yapan pilotlar\u0131n, istikrarl\u0131 ve normal bir yakla\u015fma yapan u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n beklenen ba\u015f durumuna ve g\u00fc\u00e7 ayarlar\u0131na a\u015fina olmalar\u0131 yararl\u0131d\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece beklenen de\u011ferlerden sapmalar uygun olmayan bir s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131n\u0131n veya stabil olmayan bir yakla\u015fman\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) \u201cApproach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Briefing Note 7.4 \u2014 Visual Approach\u201d notlar\u0131 \u015fu tavsiyelerde bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

ATC taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fmaya serbest k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar\u0131 dikkatlice de\u011ferlendirmelisiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tavan ve G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131
\nKaranl\u0131k durumu (\u0131\u015f\u0131k seviyesi)
\nHava Durumu
\nR\u00fczgar, T\u00fcrb\u00fclans, Yan R\u00fczgar\u0131, Windshear
\nYa\u011fmur veya Kar
\nSis veya Duman
\nEkibin Meydan ve \u00e7evresine a\u015final\u0131k durumu
\nMeydan\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen arazi ve\/veya
\n\u00d6zel meydan ve pist tehlikeleri (engeller vs) ve,
\nPist g\u00f6rsel yakla\u015fma kolayl\u0131klar\u0131
\nYakla\u015fma \u0131\u015f\u0131k sisteminin tipi
\nG\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131 g\u00f6sterge \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n mevcudiyeti (VASI-PAPI)<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul ederseniz, hangi sorumluluklar\u0131 kabul etti\u011finizi ve ATC’nin sizden ne bekledi\u011fini tam olarak anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\n

\"aerofly_fs_2_features_papilights\"<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, kendi \u00fclkeniz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda operasyon yaparken pas ge\u00e7ti\u011finiz takdirde ATC’nin sizden hangi eylemleri bekledi\u011fini debilmelisiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD’de g\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma bir IFR m\u00fcsaade olmakla birlikte, bir alet yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fildir, bu nedenle, Pas ge\u00e7me (missed approach) segmenti yoktur. (FAA AIM 5-4-23 FAA InFO 11003 Visual Approaches). Bu nedenle muhtemelen ATC taraf\u0131ndan yeni bir klerans verilene kadar bulutlardan uzak durman\u0131z beklenir. G\u00f6rerek yap\u0131lan bir yakla\u015fmay\u0131 takiben yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f alet yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n pas ge\u00e7me prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc u\u00e7mak, b\u00f6lgede alarma neden olabilir ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte di\u011fer trafikler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalara da neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Nelere dikkat edilmeli?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma kart\u0131 mevcutsa, yakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce incelenmelidir.<\/p>\n

\"Bern\"<\/p>\n

\u015eirket Operasyon Manuel\u2019inde detayland\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fmalarla ilgili k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kaptanlar ve u\u00e7u\u015f ekibi \u00fcyeleri, g\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6rsel referans gereksinimlerinin ne oldu\u011fu ve herhangi bir anda referanslar kayboldu\u011funda ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda kesinlikle a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"xl_fig10_8\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00f6rerek bir yakla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul ederken, \u00f6nceki IFR u\u00e7u\u015f stat\u00fcs\u00fc hi\u00e7bir zaman iptal edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz zaman, \u00f6zellikle de k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f veya geceleri, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibi, havaalan\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek binalar ve direkler gibi engeller de dahil olmak \u00fczere arazinin fark\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eirket SOP’lar\u0131na uygun olarak veya 500 feet AAE genel kriterine g\u00f6re stabil yakla\u015fma yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ula\u015f\u0131lamazsa veya yakla\u015f\u0131m 500 ft’nin alt\u0131nda dengesiz hale gelirse, gidi\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131lan pist i\u00e7in seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve FMS durumsal fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve olas\u0131 g\u00f6rsel referans kayb\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rerek bir son yakla\u015fmadan \u00f6nce g\u00f6rerek meydan turu, u\u00e7ulursa, piste g\u00f6re standart bir dikd\u00f6rtgen meydan turu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. R\u00fczgar alt\u0131 baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n biti\u015fi, hava h\u0131z\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak pist e\u015fi\u011fi hizas\u0131ndan sonra zaman tutularak belirlenmelidir. Yat\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fde otuz dereceyi a\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak, \u015firket SOP’lar\u0131na uygun olarak ini\u015f i\u00e7in konfig\u00fcre edilmelidir – tipik olarak en az\u0131ndan ini\u015f tak\u0131m\u0131 ve birinci kademe flaplar, esas baca\u011fa d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pozitif g\u00f6rsel referanslar ve konum fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 elde edilinceye kadar asgari g\u00fcvenli irtifas\u0131 muhafaza edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\"traffic_pattern_ideal\"<\/p>\n

FSF Bilgilendirme Notunda yakla\u015fman\u0131n son a\u015famalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tavsiyelerde bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cSon d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda pist e\u015fi\u011fine do\u011fru s\u00fcrekli yaklaa\u015fma e\u011filimine m\u00fcsaade edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

\u201cSon yakla\u015fmaya d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce (pist e\u015fi\u011finden mesafeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak) ini\u015f flaplar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve hedef son yakla\u015fma s\u00fcratine d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

“Mevcut g\u00f6rsel referanslara (\u00f6rn. VASI) veya ham verilere (raw data) (ILS glideslope veya irtifa\/mesafe) dayal\u0131 olarak pist e\u015fi\u011fine giden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 devaml\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirin. Herhangi bir DME mesafe bilgisi mevcut de\u011filse, sabit bir referans noktas\u0131ndan veya bilinen fiks ge\u00e7i\u015f y\u00fcksekliklerindeki zamanlamaya g\u00f6re, s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131n\u0131 tesis ve takip etmek faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cSon yakla\u015fmaya d\u00f6nerken 30 derecelik yat\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\"vasi-visual-approach-slope-indicator-A321-231_GCLP-LPA\"<\/p>\n

\u201cSon yakla\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f esnas\u0131nda yan r\u00fczgar\u0131 etkisini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 gerekirse pist uzan\u0131m\u0131 hatt\u0131nda krap olarak hizalay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\u201cMeydan y\u00fcksekli\u011finde en ge\u00e7 500 feet irtifada u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131\u015fs\u0131z ve son yakla\u015fma s\u00fcrati tesis edilmi\u015f olarak stabilize edin. (stabil veya istikrarl\u0131 yakla\u015fma kriterleri)<\/p>\n

“Windshear fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yer h\u0131z\u0131 farklar\u0131n\u0131 izleyin ve alet yakla\u015fmalar\u0131nda irtifalar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f parametre sapmalar\u0131n\u0131 anons edin (callout).<\/p>\n

“Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla son yakla\u015fma s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na inme e\u011filiminden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in hedef noktaya (genellikle pist e\u015fi\u011finden itibaren 1000 feet) g\u00f6rsel tarama yap\u0131n (ham veri – raw data) veya varsa VASI veya PAPI\u2019leri \u00e7apraz kontrol i\u00e7in kullan\u0131n).\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla son yakla\u015fma s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na inme ya da uygun olmayan bir \u015fekilde dik veya al\u00e7ak bir yakla\u015fma yapma e\u011filimi, al\u00e7lama oran\u0131n\u0131n (varyo -fpm) mevcut Yer H\u0131z\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak azalt\u0131labilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNormal alet yakla\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda glide slope\u2019tan g\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00f6rsel resmin haf\u0131zaya al\u0131nmas\u0131, bir yakla\u015fman\u0131n ilerlemesini g\u00f6rsel ara\u00e7larla de\u011ferlendirmeye a\u015fina olmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yararl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6rerek Yakla\u015fma Nas\u0131l U\u00e7ulur? Hafif u\u00e7aklarda \u00f6\u011frenci pilotlara normalde \u00f6\u011fretilen ilk yakla\u015fma t\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cg\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma\u201d (visual approach) olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir aletli yakla\u015fman\u0131n devam\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir u\u00e7akla yap\u0131lacak ise \u201cg\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma\u201d tehlikeli olabilir. G\u00f6rerek yakla\u015fma yapan pilotlar\u0131n, istikrarl\u0131 ve normal bir yakla\u015fma yapan u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n beklenen ba\u015f durumuna ve g\u00fc\u00e7 ayarlar\u0131na a\u015fina olmalar\u0131 yararl\u0131d\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece beklenen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1572,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hava-trafigi","category-pilotaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1562"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1571,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions\/1571"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}