![\"crystals\"](\"http:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/crystals.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nBuzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7aklar\u0131, t\u00fcm u\u00e7u\u015fa elveri\u015flilik d\u00fczenlemelerine g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. U\u00e7u\u015f i\u015fletmecileri buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile ilgili belirlenen t\u00fcm operasyonel usul ve teknikleri takip etmek zorundad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar jet ula\u015ft\u0131rma u\u00e7aklar\u0131 buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda operasyon yapabilmeleri i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok koruyucu uygulamalar ile birlikte sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, bu uygulamalar asla \u015fiddetli buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda limitsiz s\u00fcre ile operasyon yapabilmeyi ama\u00e7lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi gelelim \u0130ngilizcesi ICE CRYSTAL ICING olan Buz Kristali Buzlanmas\u0131 konusuna.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek irtifalardaki buz kristalleri genellikle jet ula\u015ft\u0131rma u\u00e7aklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tehdit olarak alg\u0131lanmaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar -40 ve alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda zaten u\u00e7ak y\u00fczeyine yap\u0131\u015famayacak kadar donmu\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6vdede buzlanmaya sebep olmazlar.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte y\u00fcksek irtifadaki kat\u0131 buz kristalleri motor i\u00e7ine girerek i\u00e7 y\u00fczeylerde erimek suretiyle hem motoru so\u011futabilir hem de erirken 00 C civar\u0131na geldiklerinde buzlanmaya sebep olabilirler. Bu durumda motor buzlanmas\u0131, buz k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131larak motor hasar\u0131, motorda g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131, motorda t\u0131kanma-tekleme (surge) veya y\u00fcksek titre\u015fim meydana gelebilir.<\/p>\n
Ice Crystal Icing yani Buz Kristali Buzlanmas\u0131 genellikle y\u00fcksek irtifada, bulut i\u00e7inde, konvektif hava sahalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde u\u00e7arken meydana gelir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hava radar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fumuz irtifa i\u00e7in herhangi bir eko veya yans\u0131ma alamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Bazen u\u00e7tu\u011fumuz y\u00fcksek irtifalarda, hava radar\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ekolardan ka\u00e7\u0131nma manevras\u0131 yaparken bile buz kristallerinden kaynaklanan motor g\u00fc\u00e7 kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir.<\/p>\n
U\u00e7ak \u00fcreten \u015firketler daima buzlanmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olamaya devam ederler. Buzlanma konusunda her \u00fcreticinin Teknik B\u00fcltenlerinde Ice Crystal Icing ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00fcltenine bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Buzlanma ile ilgili teknik b\u00fcltenler, pilotlara daha \u00f6nceden ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f buz kristali buzlanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan motor ar\u0131zalar\u0131, hasarlar ve di\u011fer olaylar hakk\u0131nda faydal\u0131 bilgiler verecektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili b\u00fcltenlerde ayn\u0131 zamanda buz kristali buzlanmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fhis etme ve \u015f\u00fcphelenildi\u011finde tavsiye edilen hareket tarzlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Genel olarak ilgili u\u00e7ak tiplerinin Flight Crew Operational Manuel\u2019lerinin Supplemantary Adverse Weather b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde Buz Kristali Buzlanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ek prosed\u00fcrler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca u\u00e7aklar\u0131n Quick Refrence Handbook\u2019lar\u0131nda da (QRH), Ice Crystal Icin Non-Normal Checklist\u2019ler u\u00e7u\u015fta kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
TE\u015eH\u0130S<\/p>\n
Buz Kristali Buzlanmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nemli ortamlarda ve normal buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131 irtifalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki irtifalarda meydana gelir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler bu tip buzlanman\u0131n i\u015faretleridir;<\/p>\n
\u00d6n camda s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulunamayacak kadar so\u011fuk ya\u011fmur g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc; Bunun sebebi buz kristallerinin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cam \u00fczerinde erimesidir. (ya\u011fmurdan farkl\u0131 bir ses olur)
\n\u00d6n camda statik de\u015farj (\u015ferare ak\u0131\u015f\u0131)
\nU\u00e7aktaki TAT g\u00f6stergesi, TAT pitosunun buzlanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r derece civar\u0131nda kal\u0131r.
\nBuz kristallerinin sens\u00f6rleri bloke etmesi sonucu TAT g\u00f6stergesinde anormal i\u015far 1 dakikadan 20 dakikaya kadar s\u00fcrebilir.
\nHafif ve orta \u015fiddette t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler.
\nIMC (alet meteorolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131) ile birlikte;
\n– U\u00e7ak irtifas\u0131nda belirgin radar ekolar\u0131 yok ve
\n– U\u00e7ak alt\u0131nda kuvvetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015f amber ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 radar ekolar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.
\nBulut tavan\u0131 seyir irtifas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde.
\nS\u00fclf\u00fcr kokusu
\nOzon kokusu
\nNemde art\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n
U\u00e7aklardaki normal buzlanma dedekt\u00f6rlerine g\u00fcvenilemez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu sistem g\u00f6vdedeki buzlanmay\u0131 alg\u0131layabilece\u011finden buz kristal buzlanmas\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131layamaz.<\/p>\n
KA\u00c7INMA<\/p>\n
IMC u\u00e7u\u015f boyunca u\u00e7ulan irtifada radar ekosu olmasa bile, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 irtifadaki belirgin amber veya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hava radar\u0131 ekolar\u0131 \u00fczerinde u\u00e7maktan da ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hava radar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f irtifan\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki ekolar\u0131n\u0131 da bulmak i\u00e7in kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. En uygun kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in hava radar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n el kitab\u0131n\u0131 veya kullanma talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilmenizi tavsiye ederim.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00dcPHE<\/p>\n
Buz kristali buzlanmas\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan \u015f\u00fcphelendi\u011finizde; bu ko\u015fullardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. ATC\u2019den (hava trafik kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcnden) buz kristalleri i\u00e7inde en az kalacak \u015fekilde rota de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi veya ka\u00e7\u0131nma talep edin. Ice Crystal Icing Non-normal \u00e7eklistinizi uygulay\u0131n.
\nKazalar ve Olaylar (Accidents and Incidents)<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek irtifa Ice Crystal Icing\u2019e atfedilen motor ar\u0131zas\u0131 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, motorlar\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131n tekrar tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirip gerektirmeyece\u011fi ve ar\u0131zan\u0131n tekrarlamamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle motor \u00fcreticileri taraf\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ICAO EK-13\u2019e g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak soru\u015fturulan iki \u00f6rnek \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
U\u00e7ak Tipi: Airbus A330-200 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131,
\nPozisyon: Seyir irtifas\u0131nda,
\n\u015eirket: Atlantik Ocean,
\nTarih: 1 Haziran 2009,
\nU\u00e7u\u015f Tipi: Tarifeli yolcu seferi,
\nRota: Rio de Janerio\u2019dan Paris CDG\u2019e
\nKaza: Denize d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc
\nKay\u0131plar: 228 ki\u015fi ve u\u00e7ak.
\nPito T\u00fcplerindeki Buz Kristali Buzlanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan s\u00fcrat saati g\u00f6stergesi kayb\u0131na, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibinin yetersiz m\u00fcdahalesi tespit edilmi\u015ftir.
\nhttp:\/\/www.skybrary.aero\/index.php\/A332,_en-route,_Atlantic_Ocean,_2009_(LOC_HF_AW)<\/p>\n
U\u00e7ak tipi: Boeing 757-200
\nPozisyon: Seyir irtifas\u0131nda, Gece, U\u00e7u\u015f seviyesi 37.000 feet,
\n\u015eirket: Central Mauritania
\nTarih: 25 A\u011fustos 2010
\nU\u00e7u\u015f Tipi: Tarifeli yolcu seferi,
\nRota: Freetown Sierra Leone\u2019dan London Heathrow\u2019a
\nOlay: Nouakchott\u2019a DIVERT
\nIMC \u015fartlarda gece FL370\u2019da her iki motorda artan titre\u015fim sonras\u0131nda, ice shedding ile ilgili non-normal \u00e7eklist uygulan\u0131r. Bir motor ar\u0131zalan\u0131r di\u011fer motor titre\u015fimi anormal artar ve MAYDAY deklere edilerek Nouakchott Meydan\u0131na DIVERT edilir. Ba\u015fka olay olmaz ve 103 yolcu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve motor hasar\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nhttp:\/\/www.skybrary.aero\/index.php\/B752,_en-route,_Central_Mauritania,_2010_(WX_LOC_AW<\/p>\n
Kaynaklar:
\nhttp:\/\/www.skybrary.aero\/index.php\/High_Level_Ice_Crystal_Icing:_Effects_on_Engines<\/p>\n
Konu ile ilgili okunabilecek yaz\u0131lar:
\n\u25aa “Ice Particle Threat to Engines in Flight” Mason JG Strapp JW & Chow P Paper presented to 44th AIAA Meeting 2006.
\n\u25aa “Engine Power Loss in Ice Crystal Conditions” – Boeing Aero Magazine Q4\/2007.
\n\u25aa Weather Conditions Associated with Jet Engine Power-loss and Damage Due to Ingestion of Ice Particles: What We’ve Learned Through 2009 by M. L. Grzych and J. G. Mason, Boeing, presented at the American Meteorological Society 14th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology 2010
\n\u25aa Avoiding Convective Weather Linked to Ice-crystal Icing Engine Events, by M. L. Grzych, Boeing Aero Magazine Q1\/2010
\n\u25aa A Description of Convective Weather Containing Ice Crystals Associated with Engine Power loss and Damage Presentation by the Boeing Company with acknowledgment to W G Strapp (Environment Canada) presentation to the 2006 AAIE Meeting on \u201cIce Particle Threat to Engines in Flight\u201d
\n\u25aa Current Perspectives on Jet Engine Power Loss in Ice Crystal Conditions: Engine Icing by J. Mason, Boeing, presented at the Aircraft Icing Research Alliance Research Implementation Forum (RIF) held on 23 June 2009 at San Antonio, TX
\n\u25aa An Overview of NASA Engine Ice-Crystal Icing Research by H. E. Addy Jr. and J. P. Veres (NASA Glenn) presented at the SAE-sponsored International Conference on Aircraft and Engine Icing and Ground Deicing in June 2011 \u2013 published November 2011
\n\u25aa The Ice Crystal Weather Threat to Engines by J. Mason, Boeing – a presentation to an SAE Meeting in August 2007<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Buz Kristali Buzlanmas\u0131 (Ice Crystal Icing) Buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7aklar\u0131, t\u00fcm u\u00e7u\u015fa elveri\u015flilik d\u00fczenlemelerine g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. U\u00e7u\u015f i\u015fletmecileri buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile ilgili belirlenen t\u00fcm operasyonel usul ve teknikleri takip etmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Her ne kadar jet ula\u015ft\u0131rma u\u00e7aklar\u0131 buzlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda operasyon yapabilmeleri i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok koruyucu uygulamalar ile birlikte sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, bu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,78,104,5,77,74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik","category-meteoroloji","category-pilotaj","category-teknoloji","category-temel-bilgiler","category-ticari-ucaklar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1260"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1263,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions\/1263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bizimkokpit.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}